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The course aims to prepare students for local and global challenges by reflecting on the actions needed to make the cities of the future more equitable and sustainable through technological and social innovation. The economic wellbeing and quality of life of more than half of the world’s population depend on urban and metropolitan areas, the ability to balance growth and innovation in urban areas with social needs and the mitigation of environmental risks and social inequalities, and the concern to protect and promote tangible and intangible cultural heritage for future development.

In this context, the teaching proposes an interdisciplinary approach to the most pressing urban issues, such as: mobility, energy consumption, the water cycle, digital infrastructure, the fight against economic and social inequalities, the regeneration of economic and social inequalities, the regeneration of urban spaces through the ability to reuse the material and immaterial heritage embedded in urban forms and landscapes. Methods, technologies and best practices in the development of applications for smart mobility through the internet of things, climate control and zero energy districts in the urban environment, energy communities, ecosystem services for resilient and sustainable cities through an eco-hydrological approach, new tools for representing the city and city data, methods for assessing the socio-economic impact of policies on the future of urban populations are explored. Each topic is addressed by combining a theoretical framework with laboratory and application activities related to the Turin context.

The lectures include the participation of lecturers affiliated with the FULL centre and external guests, and will explore in detail the research conducted both within the Interdepartmental Centre of the Politecnico di Torino and internationally, success stories, and the analysis of some experiments in pilot cities. The disciplinary areas involved are urban studies, planning and architecture, energy, environmental, network and electronic engineering, and geomatics. The first edition of the course ran from November 2022 to June 2023. The inaugural lecture was delivered by Chiara Foglietta, Councillor of the City of Turin for Ecological and Digital Transition, Innovation, Mobility and Transport.

The third edition is underway for 2024/25.

2022/23 Course program

INTRODUCTION

– 04/11/2022 Presentation of “100 Climate-neutral Cities by 2030,” the case of Turin (with Councilor Chiara Foglietta) + presentation of the course and exercise (Loris Servillo, Caterina Quaglio)

MODULE I/a – Physical and social infrastructure

– 11/11/2022 NZEB, Nearly zero-energy buildings (Maria Ferrara)

– 11/18/2022 Integration of renewable sources and energy communities + visit to the PVZEN laboratory – PhotoVoltaic Zero Energy Network (Enrico Fabrizio)

– 11/25/2022 How food market logistics are changing our cities (Agostino
Strina)

– 12/02/2022 The Valentino Park project (Elena Vigliocco)

– 12/16/2022 Wrap-up 1 (Loris Servillo, Caterina Quaglio)

MODULE II – Ecology and circular economy

13/01/2023 – Designing Circularity – Introduction to the Circular Economy (Elena Piera Montacchini and Silvia Tedesco)

03/03/2023 – Reuse of Rainwater (Roberto Revelli)

10/03/2023 – Water Remediation (Tiziana Tosco)

24/03/2023 – Visit to Ortialti (Elena Carmagnati)

31/03/2023 – Wrap-up 2 (Loris Servillo, Caterina Quaglio)

MODULE III – Smart and Digital

MODULE II/b – Ecology and Circular Economy

MODULE III – Smart and Digital

28/04/2023 – Mobility and Vehicle Traffic Simulation Systems (Marco Rapelli)

05/05/2023 – Visit to 5T (2:00–6:00 PM, two groups)

MODULE I/b – Physical and Social Infrastructure

-19/05/2023 – Regenerating the Existing City, Bike Tour of Case Studies in Turin (Daniele Campobenedetto)

– 26/05/2023 Wrap-up 3 (Loris Servillo, Caterina Quaglio)

(TBD) FINAL EVENT: Presentation of the work and open discussion

cover photo credit: Lucio Beltrami

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⁕ PDF available here

The Metropolitan Strategic Plan (2021-2023) faces a global challenge: the definition of a new balance between city and region, development and environment. At the same time, it interprets this challenge starting from a critical comparison with the local situation of the Metropolitan City of Turin, which is specific and exceptional compared to all other similar administrative entities in Italy. Turin is the Italian metropolitan city that includes the greatest variety of regions within its boundaries, since it is a metropolitan city of the plain, a metropolitan city of the hills and a metropolitan city of the mountains. This regional diversity gives rise to unprecedented potential, which the MSP aims to exploit, systematise and implement.

In order to realise this vision, the MSP proposes a substantial paradigm shift, giving a new centrality to basic infrastructure over sectoral policies. New tangible and intangible infrastructures support hybrid forms of connection and mobility, which are the fundamental prerequisite for quality diffusion in all the regions of the augmented metropolis. The MSP’s challenge is to ensure equal rights and equal opportunities for citizenship for all its inhabitants in every point of the metropolitan city.

The vision of Torino Metropoli Aumentata is structured within the six programme points of Next Generation EU, in line with the objectives defined by the Italian Recovery and Resilience Plan. The MSP pragmatically organises its objectives around the funding structure that will make them possible. It also identifies the objectives of the European cohesion policy and the sectoral programmes that might contribute to completing individual actions. Above all, it includes the affinity of its own highly cultural approach with that underlying the European document, committed to local implementation of the large-scale, long-term continental vision it proposes.

The MSP is arranged into six areas: a more productive and innovative Turin Metropolis (digitalisation, innovation, competitiveness and culture); a greener and more ecological Turin Metropolis (green revolution and ecological transition); a more mobile, accessible and connected Turin Metropolis (infrastructures for sustainable mobility); a Turin Metropolis that learns more (education and research); a more attractive, fair and equal Turin Metropolis (inclusion and cohesion); a healthier Turin Metropolis (healthcare).

This framework supports a complex but clearly hierarchical, three-level articulation. Each axis includes a series of strategies and each strategy unfolds into a series of actions to be implemented. In total, the MSP proposes 24 strategies and 111 actions to augment Turin. This three-part structure underlines the importance of coherence between objectives, policies and actions. The transformation of the metropolitan city can be effectively and positively oriented only through a solid and continuously verified connection between these three scales.

A more productive and innovative Turin Metropolis

The axis dedicated to augmenting the capacity to create value in the various economic sectors (agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, services, trade, public administration) through technology transfer, digitalisation, automation, cooperation in business networks, the construction of supply chains, process and product innovation and the promotion of the region and its products. It thus aims to augment the number of job and business opportunities and the attractiveness of the Turin metropolitan system for new initiatives and investments.

A greener and more ecological Turin Metropolis

This includes all the actions aimed at augmenting the ecological, environmental and landscape quality of the metropolitan area. These actions aim to reduce its ecological footprint, redefining its metabolic processes in a circular way and thus contributing through local actions to the global challenge of climate change.

A more mobile, accessible and connected Turin Metropolis

This suggests seizing the opportunity of the transformation of remote working commuting routines to improve connectivity and accessibility to and from the metropolitan region. It imagines the augmented metropolis as a ‘90-minutes metropolis’ made up of ‘15-minute cities’, where the ease and comfort of intermodal transport are ensured by an integrated and user-oriented MAAS (Mobility-as-a-Service) model. It promotes a differentiated use of collective transport over medium and long distances and of alternatives to the private car over medium and short distances. It projects connections outside the metropolitan area with the rest of northern Italy and the global world beyond the Alps, making gateways of metropolitan interest more accessible from all points in the region.

A Turin Metropolis that learns more

This axis stresses that it is essential to invest in the structural renewal of the metropolitan school infrastructure, in terms of buildings and the spatial model of education. It proposes seizing the opportunities experienced with distance learning during the pandemic and hybridising them with the quality of traditional teaching. It includes a series of actions aimed at strengthening and innovating vocational training, both at upper secondary school and university level. It emphasises the centrality of vocational degree courses, to be put into a system with proposals for lifelong learning and re-training of the already active workforce. It promotes and disseminates hands-on approaches to teaching, including in non-professional areas, as well as early schooling, with a view to gender balance, experimenting with hybrid forms of decentralised/autonomous management. It promotes relations between schools and the region in all contexts, making the school infrastructure a civic multi-service platform.

A more attractive, fair and equal Turin Metropolis

This aims to promote equal opportunities for personal and community development in the different parts of the region and for the entire population of the metropolitan city, so as to make it attractive again for residents and businesses. It includes actions aimed at introducing and supporting new forms of social housing and community residence, adapted to the specificities of the different local contexts, which can bring new inhabitants to areas with weak demographics, as well as prevent and recover situations of social exclusion. It suggests experimenting with and encouraging dual forms of metropolitan residence to strengthen links between the centre and peripheral areas.

A healthier Turin Metropolis

Starting with the centrality of the new Turin City of Health, investment in an integrated regional system of education, prevention and diagnosis which promotes equal accessibility of the health system throughout the region is proposed. This includes the possibilities of telemedicine and remote diagnostics. Its actions encourage making the environmental quality of the metropolitan city an active public health factor and an enabling infrastructure for a healthy and active lifestyle, as well as promoting health education, supporting active ageing, the social role of the elderly and intergenerational links.

Six axes, 24 strategies and 111 actions in just one region. It is important to underline that the six axes of the MSP refer to a single region: the metropolitan city of Turin; considered as a whole an equal space, but enhanced in its many areas as a place of positive differences. The six axes are implemented in each region but maintain their absolute local and global relevance and contribute as a whole to the single objective of the MSP: to augment Turin.

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All the analysis that support this research have been elaborated from the database provided by AirDNA, a commercial firm that collects data from the websites of two of the main OTA (online travel agency), Airbnb and HomeAway. The database acquired by FULL is yearly updated and includes all the listings within Europe from 2015 to 2019 (last version). The data are organized by three different database: Property, Monthly and Daily. The Property database include the description of any single listing and the annual performances both for Airbnb and HomeAway. While the Monthly and the Daily database collects data in a most refine granular temporality.

Starting from a broader scale, the first two outcomes of the project are two researches providing an overall snapshot of Airbnb both at European and Italian level. The latter research, in particular, has turned out that Airbnb is highly selective highlighting an uneven distribution of both supply and demand. Indeed, despite the platform proposes itself to be fair and equipotential (in line with the definition of sharing economy), evidences tell a different story as Airbnb’s supply is concentrated toward urban areas (more than traditional supply) and that the spatial distribution of revenues is even more concentrated (highlighting over-supply areas). Analyzing the phenomenon at a micro-level, researches participate to the flourishing debate on the relationship between the short-term rental platform and traditional hospitality. To this extent several results have emerged: higher presence of Airbnb’s supply in markets where high-end hotels own higher market shares and, under a managerial perspective, location has turned out to be the main asset in the hand of hotel-owners to moderate the threat of Airbnb. In addition to these researches, as Covid-19 has deeply changed the hospitality market, an analysis of the impact of pandemic on Airbnb has been carried out. Results have shown that the platform suffered independently to the measures of lockdown adopted (negative impacts have been found both in Milan and Stockholm) while a consistent shift in preference for apartment over shared accomodation has appeared in areas where hard measures of social distancing have been adopted. Together with these first outputs, new projects are going to start. Firstly, a new study on the impact of Airbnb on the Italian Borghi aims at assessing whether the platform can be intended as tourism-abilitator in areas where traditional supply is not present starting from the idea of utilization of idle-complementary assets in those areas. Secondly, other studies on the relationship of Airbnb and the housing market are intended to provide an overview of rents in presence of a short-term alternative, with important consequences for policy-makers. Finally, the diffusion of the platform is going to be studied, under both the innovation-diffusion theory and the entrepreneurial one.

Publications

• Buzzacchi L., Destefanis A., Milone F. L., Paolucci E., Raguseo E., The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sharing economy accommodation market: empirical evidence of changing preferences in main European cities, (under review – International Journal of Hospitality management)
• Destefanis A., Neirotti P., Paolucci E., Raguseo E., The impact of Airbnb on the hotels’ economic performance: an empirical investigation of the moderating effects, (published- Current Issues in Tourism, analysis based on AirDNA dataset)
• Italy is in the Air(bnb). The uneven diffusion of short-term rental markets between urban locations and selective tourism destinations

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